"Free range" refers to chickens
being allowed to range freely outdoors where they can eat whatever grass, weed seeds, insects and worms they choose. This
results in more nutritious eggs and meat for consumers, and more healthy, humane conditions for the birds. Some producers
abuse this term and label their eggs as “free range” when in fact all they have done is open a door to allow their
chickens to range in an outdoor area of bare dirt or concrete, with no pasture in sight.
“Cage
Free,” “Free Range” or “Free Roaming.” None of these terms are currently regulated by the U.S.
government, although there are some third-party verification programs (see below). Nevertheless, “free range”
usually means the laying hens are raised in large flocks in big open warehouses rather than in stacked cages. They can walk
around, flap their wings and preen their feathers a little. “Cage-free” does not mean outdoor access. “Free-range”
implies some outdoor access, although it is probably very limited, and on dirt or concrete rather than pasture.
“Certified Humane.” Humane Farm Animal Care operates a certification program specifying that laying hens are uncaged,
with access to perches, nest boxes and dust-bathing areas. There are stocking-density maximums but outdoor access is not required.
Debeaking is allowed.
“Certified Organic.” Production methods must comply with
the USDA National Organic Program, including organic, vegetarian feed, no use of antibiotics and no cages. Debeaking and
forced molting by starvation are allowed. Organic standards require producers to “maintain livestock living conditions
which accommodate the health and natural behavior of the animals.” How much access to the outdoors this requires for
chickens is still being hotly debated. At this time, on large organic chicken farms, it may mean nothing more than a small
door opening onto a concrete yard.
“Omega 3.” All eggs contain small amounts of
omega-3 fatty acids, thought to be beneficial to human health. Omega-3 levels in eggs can be raised by supplementing the birds’
diet with things such as fish oil, flax seed or alfalfa meal (or by simply allowing the birds to forage on lawn or pasture).
From Mother Earth News